Priorities of the Nurse Schedule by using MODM Approach: A case Study

El efecto bienestar de una migración internacional es habitualmente calculado como la variación del ingreso per capita de quienes quedan atrás luego de la migración. En este trabajo se presenta una crítica de dicho criterio que toma en cuenta que el efecto bienestar es opuesto para asalariados y capitalistas en el caso en que la migración modifique la relación K/L de la economía. Se propone un criterio alternativo que descubra de manera adecuada los efectos que la migración tiene para cada uno de los grupos mencionados.The welfare effect of an international migration is usually calculated as the per capita income variation of those left behind after the migration. A critique of this criterion and a proposal of an alternative one is presented in this paper, considering the fact that in the case in which the overall K/L ratio changes, the welfare effect of wage earners is the opposite of the welfare effect of capital owners.Instituto de Investigaciones Económica

Prioritizing social determinants of health in East Azerbaijan: a qualitative research

Background: In order to improve health-centered decision making and planning to reduce inequalities in health, it is important to identify, classify, and prioritize social determinants of health. This study aimed to identify and rank three major social determinants of health in East Azerbaijan. Methods: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach in grounded theory. Through purposeful sampling, 40 key informants from East Azerbaijan, North West of Iran, were selected and in-depth interviews were performed. The collected data was analyzed with a three-step coding method including open, axial, and selective coding using Corbin and Strauss’s systemic approach. Also, Interpretive Structural Modeling and “Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement” (MICMAC) analysis were used to identify and rank social determinants of health in East Azerbaijan. Results: Of the 40 participants, 27 (68%) were male and 13 (32%) were female. The mean age was 39.28± 12.46 years. 63% had a doctoral degree. According to the result of MICMAC analysis, social harm, social capital, and good governance were identified as three major social determinants of health in East Azerbaijan province. Conclusion: Social determinants of health have a significant and crucial role in human welfare and by identifying and prioritizing social determinants of health at a local level and/or national level, the first step can be taken toward social welfare

Iranian Painting, A Government Multi-Purpose Media (Case Study: Safavid Period Garden Painting)

Problem Definition: As a multifaceted medium, garden paintings have included the social structure and power relations of the Safavids. The scientific challenge of the current research is to identify the ideology of the Safavid government in the hidden textual layers of garden paintings, the components related to symbolism, and Iranian culture in the heart of the Safavid society. In the present research, the following questions are addressed: What components and symbolic elements are the social relations of the Safavid period narrated in the text of garden paintings? How is the ideology and attitude of Safavid artists illustrated in garden paintings?Objective: This research seeks to investigate and understand the relationship between the texts of paintings related to the theme of the Iranian garden in the scope of the socio-cultural structures of the Safavid period.Research method: The current study is qualitative research using a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection is conducted through a library-based method.Results: Interactions and social and religious relations have been carried out through symbolic cultural domination to advance the goals and legitimize the Safavid ideology. In the textual layers of garden paintings, painters have addressed the cultural and religious components representing relationships, national customs, court banquets, and Shia religion. Political and social events are represented in the form of mythological and religious narratives in the text of the paintings. The art of multi-purpose and moving illustration in paintings has become a powerful and focused medium at the service of the organized system of the Safavid court, and this artistic field has made the superior position of the king and the structure of the social classes of the Safavid government in the form of dynamic and animated images. Diversity in the design structure of gardens and collective spaces is one of the most significant achievements of artists in expressing the attitude, art, and knowledge of Safavid gardening. These paintings have paid attention to the awareness and precision of court painters in expressing identity components and conveying effective messages to their audiences

Microneedles for painless transdermal immunotherapeutic applications

Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune system, this approach has often been challenged by concerns regarding the lack of adequate long-term responses in patients. The development of microneedles (MNs) has resulted in the improvement and expansion of immuno-reprogramming strategies due to the housing of high accumulation of dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells in the dermis layer of the skin. In addition, MNs possess many outstanding properties, such as the ability for the painless traverse of the stratum corneum, minimal invasiveness, facile fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, convenient administration, and bypassing the first pass metabolism that allows direct translocation of therapeutics into the systematic circulation. These advantages make MNs excellent candidates for the delivery of immunological biomolecules to the dermal antigen-presenting cells in the skin with the aim of vaccinating or treating different diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders, with minimal invasiveness and side effects. This review discusses the recent advances in engineered MNs and tackles limitations relevant to traditional immunotherapy of various hard-to-treat diseases.Peer reviewe

Hemangiopericytoma in a young dog: Evaluation of histopathological and immunohistochemical features

In the present study, we describe a subcutaneous mass between the left flank and hip in a 2-year-old male Great Dane dog. Histopathologically, cells appeared to be spindle shaped around a central capillary together with a fingerprint pattern. Immunohistochemical analysis presented that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, but did not stain for S-100 protein. On the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemical findings, the present tumor was diagnosed as canine hemangiopericytoma. Hemangiopericytoma could be considered in differential diagnosis list of any mass in the skin (even in young dogs) and must be identified histopathologically

Insulin Can Improve the Normal Function of the Brain by Preventing the Loss of the Neurons

Background: Insulin promotes the expression of genes related to brain function, thus preventing the neurodegeneration process. The present study was designed to find the neuroprotective effect of insulin by reducing neuron loss in the brain. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 adult male NMRI mice were divided into two groups: control and insulin. The control group was intact, and the insulin group received 100 µL of insulin at a 72-hour interval by intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection for 30 days. At the end of the study, the brain was removed. The volume of the brain and the total number of neurons and glia were estimated by stereological techniques, and also the gene expression of NSR, PI3K, AKT, IGF-1, and FOXO-1 was measured using real-time PCR. Results: The results showed that the total number of neurons decreased in the control group compared to the experimental group. Furthermore, the expression of NSR, PI3K, AKT, IGF-1, and FOXO-1 genes was lower in the control group than in the insulin group. Conclusion: The results showed that treating mice with insulin prevented reducing the number of neurons and gene expression related to normal brain function. So, insulin could have neuroprotective effects against neuron loss. Insulin may be beneficial as a new approach to avoiding neuron loss in regenerative medicine

The effects of exogenous melatonin on morphological changes in locus ceruleus nucleus Characterized by REM sleep deprivation

Background: Neurodegeneration in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative diseases and sleep deprivation. In this study, we investigated the possible role of melatonin in reversing cognitive dysfunction induced by SD in rats.Methods: The aim of this work was to determine if REM sleep deprivation would induce morphological changes in the brains of rats. The effects of REM sleep deprivation on the nuclear volume of neurons from the locus coeruleus, the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain.Results: The results obtained showed that REM sleep deprivation significantly decreased the number of neurons in the locus coeruleus.Conclusion: A change in cell nuclear volume suggests a change in its metabolic activity, therefore, our data provide an anatomical basis for further studies of neuron’s morphology in brain structures after REM sleep deprivation

Emerging Strategies to Bypass Transplant Rejection via Biomaterial-Assisted Immunoengineering:Insights from Islets and Beyond

Novel transplantation techniques are currently under development to preserve the function of impaired tissues or organs. While current technologies can enhance the survival of recipients, they have remained elusive to date due to graft rejection by undesired in vivo immune responses despite systemic prescription of immunosuppressants. The need for life-long immunomodulation and serious adverse effects of current medicines, the development of novel biomaterial-based immunoengineering strategies has attracted much attention lately. Immunomodulatory 3D platforms can alter immune responses locally and/or prevent transplant rejection through the protection of the graft from the attack of immune system. These new approaches aim to overcome the complexity of the long-term administration of systemic immunosuppressants, including the risks of infection, cancer incidence, and systemic toxicity. In addition, they can decrease the effective dose of the delivered drugs via direct delivery at the transplantation site. In this review, we comprehensively address the immune rejection mechanisms, followed by recent developments in biomaterial-based immunoengineering strategies to prolong transplant survival. We also compare the efficacy and safety of these new platforms with conventional agents. Finally, challenges and barriers for the clinical translation of the biomaterial-based immunoengineering transplants and prospects are discussed

Therapeutic Effects of Laser on Partial Osteotomy in the Rat Model of Hypothyroidism

Introduction: Several experimental studies have displayed positive result for laser radiation on stimulating bone regeneration in recent years. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine low-level laser (LLL) effects on partial bone defects in hypothyroidism male rat.Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed as below groups: hypothyroidism + laser (Hypo + laser), hypothyroidism (Hypo), and control. Four weeks after surgery, the tibia bone was removed. Biomechanical and histological examinations were performed immediately.Results: Our results showed significant reduction in the absorption of energy, resistance in bending deformation (bending stiffness), maximum force, high stress load, trabecular bone volume, and number of osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the osteotomy site in hypothyroidism rats compared to hypothyroidism + laser group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated that using laser may improve fracture regeneration and it may accelerate bone healing in hypothyroidism rat

Nanostructured multifunctional stimuli-responsive glycopolypeptide-based copolymers for biomedical applications

Inspired by natural resources, such as peptides and carbohydrates, glycopolypeptide biopolymer has recently emerged as a new form of biopolymer being recruited in various biomedical applications. Glycopolypeptides with well-defined secondary structures and pendant glycosides on the polypeptide backbone have sparked lots of research interest and they have an innate ability to self-assemble in diverse structures. The nanostructures of glycopolypeptides have also opened up new perspectives in biomedical applications due to their stable three-dimensional structures, high drug loading efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Although the development of glycopolypeptide-based nanocarriers is well-studied, their clinical translation is still limited. The present review highlights the preparation and characterization strategies related to glycopolypeptides-based copolymers, followed by a comprehensive discussion on their biomedical applications with a specific focus on drug delivery by various stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH, redox, conduction, and sugar) nanostructures, as well as their beneficial usage in diagnosis and regenerative medicine.Peer reviewe